This always seems to give me trouble, and I always forget the manner in which I run this that works correctly, so, viola!
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $name -ScriptBlock{
Import-Module SqlPS -DisableNameChecking
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.smo.Server "."
Enable-SqlAlwaysOn -InputObject $srv -Force
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
}Probably 3 or 4 versions of this already on here. So here is one more.
function Invoke-Restore{
[cmdletbinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory)]
[string]$ServerName,
[Parameter(Mandatory)]
[int]$Port,
[string]$DatabaseName = $null,
[string]$BackupFile = "c:\PathToBackupFile.bak",
[string]$dataDir = "d:\mssql\data",
[string]$logDir = "d:\mssql\tranlog",
[switch]$Force
)
[void][reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo")
[void][reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoEnum")
[void][reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo")
[void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoExtended")
try{
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "$ServerName,$Port"
$backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem ($BackupFile, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DeviceType]::File)
$restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore
$restore.Devices.Add($backup);
$restore.NoRecovery = $false;
$restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true
$dbFiles = $restore.ReadFileList($srv);
$header = $restore.ReadBackupHeader($srv)
if([System.String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($DatabaseName)){
$DatabaseName = $header.DatabaseName
}
$restore.Database = $DatabaseName
if($Force -and $srv.Databases[$DatabaseName]){
$srv.KillDatabase($DatabaseName);
}
foreach($dbFile in $dbFiles){
$fileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($dbFile.PhysicalName);
switch($dbFile.Type){
'D'{
[void]$restore.RelocateFiles.Add((New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile($dbFile.LogicalName, "$dataDir\$fileName")))
}
'L'{
[void]$restore.RelocateFiles.Add((New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile($dbFile.LogicalName, "$logDir\$fileName")))
}
}
}
$srv.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0;
$restore.SqlRestore($srv);
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
}
catch{
$_ | fl -Force
}
}function Add-AvailabilityGroupDatabase{
param(
$ServerName,
$Port = 1433,
$DatabaseName,
$AvailabilityGroup
)
begin{
}
process{
if(!$ServerName.Contains('.')){
$ServerName = "$ServerName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
}
$srv = new-object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.smo.Server "$ServerName,$Port"
$ServerName = $srv.AvailabilityGroups[$AvailabilityGroup].PrimaryReplicaServerName
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
$srv = new-object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.smo.Server "$($ServerName).$env:USERDNSDOMAIN,$Port"
if(!$srv.Databases[$DatabaseName]){
throw "Could not find a database $DatabaseName on primary replica $ServerName"
}
if(!$srv.AvailabilityGroups[$AvailabilityGroup].AvailabilityDatabases.Contains($DatabaseName)){
[void]$srv.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery("RESTORE DATABASE [$DatabaseName] WITH RECOVERY;");
$ADB = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.smo.AvailabilityDatabase($srv.AvailabilityGroups[$AvailabilityGroup], $DatabaseName);
$ADB.Create();
}
else{
Write-Warning "Database $DatabaseName is already an availbility database on server $ServerName."
}
$srv.AvailabilityGroups[$AvailabilityGroup].AvailabilityReplicas | ?{$_.Name -ne $ServerName} | select -expandproperty Name | %{
$name = $_
try{
$sec = new-object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.smo.Server "$($name).$env:USERDNSDOMAIN,$Port"
$ag = $sec.AvailabilityGroups[$AvailabilityGroup]
if(!$ag.AvailabilityDatabases[$DatabaseName].IsJoined){
$ag.AvailabilityDatabases[$DatabaseName].JoinAvailablityGroup();
}
else{
Write-Warning "Database $DatabaseName is already an availbility database on server $name."
}
}
catch{
Write-Error $_ | fl -Force
}
finally{
$sec.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
}
}
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
}
end{
}
}
Sometimes you have a need to capture the informational messages generated in sql server, for example sp_help_revlogin only prints the user information to the messages tab.
Import-Module SqlServer -DisableNameChecking
cls
try {
$users = @('user1', 'user2')
$users | % {
$user = $_
$sqlConn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=master;Data Source=servername"
$handler = [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInfoMessageEventHandler] {
param(
$sender,
$event
)
Write-host $event.Message
};
$sqlConn.add_InfoMessage($handler);
$sqlConn.FireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors = $true;
$sqlConn.Open();
$sqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand("EXEC sp_help_revlogin '$user', NULL", $sqlConn);
$sqlcmd.CommandType = [System.Data.CommandType]::Text
[void]$sqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
catch {
$_ | fl -Force
}
finally {
$sqlConn.Close();
}
One-liner to stop and disable the sqlagent and msssqlserver service.
Get-Service MSSQLSERVER, SQLSERVERAGENT | Stop-Service -PassThru -Force | Set-Service -StartupType disabled
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [AvailabilityGroupName] MODIFY REPLICA ON ’ServerName′ WITH( PRIMARY_ROLE (READ_ONLY_ROUTING_LIST=NONE) );
Yep.
function Get-IndexKeyWidth{
param(
[string]$ServerName,
[int]$Port = 2080,
[string]$DatabaseName,
[string]$TableName
)
begin{
}
process{
$objects = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]
$indexes = Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance "$ServerName,$Port" -Database $DatabaseName -Query "EXEC sp_helpindex [$TableName]"
$indexes | %{
$sb = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
$indexName = $_.index_name
$_.index_keys -split ',' | %{
[void]$sb.Append("'$($_.ToString().Trim())',");
}
$cmd = "SELECT SUM(max_length)AS TotalIndexKeySize
FROM sys.columns
WHERE name IN ($($sb.ToString().Substring(0, $sb.ToString().Length-1)))
AND object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'$TableName');"
$cmd
Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance "$ServerName,$Port" -Database $DatabaseName -Query $cmd | %{
[void]$objects.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
ServerName = $ServerName
DatabaseName = $DatabaseName
TableName = $TableName
IndexName = $indexName
SizeBytes = $_.TotalIndexKeySize
});
}
}
$objects
}
end{
}
}
To capture the sql output messages (what you see in the “Messages” tab in SSMS) you can use this:
$results = (Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance "ServerName" -Database master -Query "BACKUP DATABASE [master] TO DISK = N'c:\master.bak' WITH Stats = 5" -Verbose | Out-Null) 4>&1 $results
Some strange behavior I noticed with sql server agent not capturing thrown errors from powershell. Take this code:
try{
1/0
}
catch{
Write-Output ($_ | fl -Force | Out-String)
throw "failure"
}
This will most certainly error, and if you run it in powershell, yep:
Right then, let’s call it from an agent job then via cmd line:
Looks good. Let’s run it!
Uhhh….mkay….let’s check the history of said ‘successful’ job:
I certainly see the exception. Why is the job returning successfully?
The answer?
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
But, I do know how to get it to start throwing errors successfully. The problem is with the –file argument to powershell in the command:
Remove that, and viola:
Job now shows as failed:
Code more for me than you. Backup a database and restore it to an availability group (picks the AG that has the least number of databases). If the server isn’t clustered or doesn’t have HADR enabled, just restores it. Not thoroughly tested.
#Require -Version 5
#Require -Modules SqlPS, FailoverClusters, ActiveDirectory
function Deploy-Database{
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$DestServer,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$SourceServer,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$SourceDatabase,
[ValidateSet(2050,2060,2070,1433)]
[int]$Port = 1433,
[string]$BackupLocation = "\\NetworkLocation\Backups"
)
begin{
}
process{
[string]$backupFile = "$BackupLocation\$SourceDatabase.bak"
if([System.IO.File]::Exists($backupFile)){
[System.IO.File]::Delete($backupFile);
}
#ensure source is pingable
if(!(Test-Connection -ComputerName $SourceServer -Count 2 -Quiet)){
throw "Source server $SourceServer could not be contacted. Please verify that this server is correct or is reachable."
}
#ensure destination is pingable
if(!(Test-Connection -ComputerName $DestServer -Count 2 -Quiet)){
throw "Destination server $DestServer could not be contacted. Please verify that this server is correct or is reachable."
}
#ensure db exist on source and is online and can be backed up
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "$SourceServer,$Port"
$db = $srv.Databases | ?{$_.Name -eq $SourceDatabase -and $_.Status -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DatabaseStatus]::Normal}
if(!$db){
throw "Database $SourceDatabase on server $SourceServer does not exist, or is not in a state that allows backups."
}
#backup source database
$srv.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0;
Backup-SqlDatabase -InputObject $srv -Database $SourceDatabase -BackupFile $backupFile -CompressionOption On
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.smo.Server "$DestServer,$Port"
$cluster = gwmi -class "MSCluster_Cluster" -namespace "root\mscluster" -computername $DestServer -Authentication PacketPrivacy -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if($cluster -and $srv.IsHadrEnabled){
$sqlNodes = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]
$agGroups = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]
#if multiple ag groups, restore to the ag group with the least number of databases
foreach($ag in $srv.AvailabilityGroups){
[void]$agGroups.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
Name = $ag.Name
PrimaryName = $ag.PrimaryReplicaServerName
DatabaseCount = $ag.AvalabilityDatabases.Count
});
}
$agGroup = $agGroups | sort DatabaseCount | select -First 1
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
#get nodes in cluster to restore the db onto
Get-Cluster -Name $cluster.Name | Get-ClusterNode | %{
$nodeName = $_.Name
[void]$sqlNodes.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
ServerName = $nodeName
});
}
#test the sql connectivity on the nodes before trying any restores. If any fail, boot.
#additionally, test to make sure that the database doesn't already exist on any of the nodes.
$sqlNodes | %{
$serverName = $_.ServerName
$srvConn = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ServerConnection "$serverName,$Port"
try{
$srvConn.Connect();
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $srvConn
if($srv.Databases[$SourceDatabase]){
throw "Database $SourceDatabase already exists on server $serverName. Restore will not continue."
}
}
catch{
throw "Could not connect to server $ServerName. Database will not be restored. Exception is:`r`n$($_ | fl -force | out-string)"
}
finally{
$srvConn.Disconnect();
}
}
#restore with norecovery to all nodes
$sqlNodes | %{
$serverName = $_.ServerName
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "$serverName,$Port"
$srv.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0;
Restore-SqlDatabase -InputObject $srv -Database $SourceDatabase -BackupFile $backupFile -NoRecovery
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
}
#connect to primary of group and recover just that database
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "$($agGroup.PrimaryName),$Port"
$db = $srv.Databases[$SourceDatabase] #just another check...
if(!$db){
throw "Database $SourceDatabase on server $($agGroup.PrimaryName) does not exist. If the database $SourceDatabase exists on servers $($sqlNodes -join ',') they will need to be dropped before another deploy can be attempted."
}
$srv.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery("RESTORE DATABASE [$SourceDatabase] WITH RECOVERY;");
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
#add primary to AG
Add-SqlAvailabilityDatabase -Database $SourceDatabase -Path "SQLSERVER:\SQL\$($agGroup.PrimaryName)`,$Port\DEFAULT\AvailabilityGroups\$($agGroup.Name)"
#add subsequent nodes to AG
$sqlNodes | ?{$_.ServerName -ne $agGroup.PrimaryName} | %{
$serverName = $_.ServerName
Add-SqlAvailabilityDatabase -Database $SourceDatabase -Path "SQLSERVER:\SQL\$ServerName`,$Port\DEFAULT\AvailabilityGroups\$($agGroup.Name)"
}
}
else{
#just a single instance restore....
$srv = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "$DestServer,$Port"
$srv.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0;
if($srv.Databases[$SourceDatabase]){
throw "Database $SourceDatabase already exists on server $DestServer."
}
Restore-SqlDatabase -InputObject $srv -Database $SourceDatabase -BackupFile $backupFile
$srv.ConnectionContext.Disconnect();
}
}
end{
}
}
